Signs and symptoms of ADHD in children and young people.

Symptoms of ADHD in children and young people tend to present frequently and across different contexts, rather than sporadic moments of inattention or hyperactivity which is normal during childhood and up to the age of 25 when the brain is more fully developed.

Symptoms of ADHD in children and young people

You might notice these traits becoming more noticeable in certain situations, like during schoolwork or at playtime. If these symptoms are consistently affecting your child, it might be time to consider an ADHD assessment.

Common symptoms of inattentiveness and impulsivity/hyperactivity in ADHD include:

Inattentiveness

  • Short attention span, can be easily distracted.
  • Making careless mistakes, in schoolwork or in daily activities.
  • Being forgetful, losing things, such as homework or toys.
  • Struggling to remain on task, particularly if lengthy or boring.
  • Struggling to listen properly or follow instructions.
  • Constantly changing from one activity to another.
  • Finding it difficult to organise or plan.

Impulsiveness and Hyperactivity

  • Finding it hard to sit still, especially in quiet situations.
  • Constantly fidgeting and squirming in their seats.
  • Difficulty with concentration.
  • Lots of physical movement, seen to be always on the go.
  • Talking non-stop - maybe referred to as a chatterbox.
  • Struggling to wait their turn.
  • Acting quickly, without thinking things through.
  • Interrupting conversations with others.
  • Racing thoughts which may jump from one topic to another.
  • Can lack a sense of danger.

How ADHD symptoms differ in girls and boys

Symptoms of ADHD in Girls

ADHD can present differently in girls compared to boys, which can sometimes make it more challenging to recognise. Here are some common symptoms and behaviours seen in girls with ADHD:

  • Inattention

    Girls with ADHD may struggle with paying attention, focusing on tasks, and organising their thoughts. They may have difficulty completing schoolwork or chores because they become easily distracted and forgetful.

  • Hyperactivity

    While hyperactivity is a core symptom of ADHD, it may manifest differently in girls. Girls may not display the same level of physical restlessness or fidgeting seen in boys. Instead, girls may exhibit internal restlessness, or excessive talking.

  • Impulsivity

    Girls with ADHD can be impulsive, but this may manifest as impulsive decision-making, such as taking risks or making hasty choices in friendships, relationships, or other aspects of their lives.

  • Emotional dysregulation

    Many girls with ADHD struggle with emotional regulation. They may have intense mood swings, emotional outbursts, and difficulty managing their emotions, which can affect their relationships with peers and family.

  • Daydreaming

    Girls with ADHD may frequently daydream, get lost in their thoughts, or appear "spacey." They might seem forgetful or absent-minded.

  • Poor organisation and time management

    Difficulty with organisation, time management, and completing tasks is common in girls with ADHD. They may frequently misplace items, have messy rooms or backpacks, and struggle to follow a routine.

  • Low self-esteem

    Many girls with ADHD experience low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy because they often face challenges in academic and social settings. They may blame themselves for their difficulties.

  • Perfectionism

    Some girls with ADHD may develop perfectionistic tendencies as a coping mechanism. They may set high standards for themselves but struggle to meet them, which can lead to anxiety and frustration.

  • Social difficulties

    Girls with ADHD may have trouble forming and maintaining friendships. They might interrupt others in conversations, have difficulty listening, or struggle with social cues.

  • Underachievement in school

    While some girls with ADHD may excel in certain areas, they often underachieve in school due to their difficulties with attention, organisation, and completing assignments.

Symptoms of ADHD in Boys

The symptoms of ADHD can vary from person to person, but when it comes to boys, the following are some symptoms that are often observed:

Inattention

Boys with ADHD may have difficulty paying attention to details or making careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities. They may also have trouble sustaining attention in tasks or play activities, and struggle with frequent forgetfulness in daily activities and tasks. Boys with ADHD may have difficulty organising tasks and activities, and may avoid or be reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort.

Hyperactivity

Boys with ADHD may fidget or tap their hands or feet. They may also be unable to stay seated in situations where it's expected. Running or climbing in inappropriate situations is a common trait in boys with ADHD. They may also struggle to play or engage in activities quietly, and may talk excessively.

Impulsivity

Boys with ADHD may exhibit impatience and have difficulty waiting their turn. They may also ‘blurt out’ answers or interrupt conversations or games. Impulsive decision-making without considering the consequences is another common trait in boys with ADHD. They may also have difficulty with impulse control.

It's important to note that ADHD symptoms can change and evolve as a child grows and develops. In some cases, symptoms may become less prominent with age, but they can persist into adolescence and adulthood.

It's also crucial to remember that not every child with ADHD will exhibit all these symptoms, and the severity and combination of symptoms can vary.

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